A recent study into Social Norms and Petty Corruption investigated the reasons why Ghanaians may engage in bribe paying, based on an original survey of 1,400 citizens. A third of Ghanaian citizens report that they have paid a bribe during the last year. The sectors that are most corrupt are the police, followed by electricity and water.

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Ghana has held six elections since returning to multiparty democracy in 1992 with three turnovers of power including, in 2016, the first defeat of a sitting incumbent. But multiparty elections are costly affairs for aspiring and current parliamentarians as this cost of politics research illustrates. Between 2012 and 2016 the cost of running for political office increased 59%. On average candidates needed to raise GH₵389,803 (approx. US$85,000) to secure the party primary nomination and compete in the parliamentary election in their constituency. If the cost of politics rises to unaffordable levels the danger is that politics becomes the domain of the elite and wealthy, and that the motivation and incentives of MPs move from serving the public to recovering their own investment.

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